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McKenzie, D

Most of the NAD in the body is synthesized from these precursor molecules using various cellular pathways

however, dopamine agonists or levodopa are used if response is suboptimal (Connolly & Lang, 2014) patients taking MAO-B inhibitors are more likely to require additional supplemental drug therapy within 2-3 years compared to patients taking levodopa (Pringsheim T et al, 2021) MAO-B inhibitors used to treat PD: Selegiline (most commonly used) Safinamide (newest) COMT inhibitors ineffective when given alone, but may prolong & potentiate the effect of levodopa (Spindler 2024) COMT inhibitor used in PD: Amantadine amantadine has weak anti-PD effects with low toxicity, and seems to be most useful in young patients with mild PD

Reactive oxygen species in cancer stem cells