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In MR, genetic variants are applied as instrumental variables (IVs) to access the potential causal relationship between exposure and outcome due to the random distribution of these variants during meiosis ( Materials and methods Study design An overview of the bidirectional and unidirectional two-sample MR designs is presented in Figure 2

10.1002/mnfr.201800427 23 HolmanJ

Together they: Increase pulsatile growth hormone release Elevate IGF-1 , driving tissue regeneration and collagen synthesis Skin and Hair Benefits: Stimulates collagen and elastin production tighter, firmer skin Improves dermal hydration and glow via glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis Accelerates healing of scars and stretch marks Supports hair follicle cycling healthier hair density and thickness Growth hormone and IGF-1 signaling play central roles in skin homeostasis and hair follicle biology, promoting collagen synthesis and hair follicle anagen activation. Gentile et al., Dermatologic Surgery GHK-Cu GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-1) is one of the best-researched peptides for skin rejuvenation and hair growth

However, MDA levels did not show a significant change in either group (Table 2)