lysosomal glutathione Ferroptosis regulation in lysosome iron and cathepsin B contribute to ferroptotic cell death. Lysosomal cyst(e)ine can be mobilized to maintain synthesis and glutathione peroxidase 4 activity, thereby limiting lipid peroxidation sunflower oil and lecithin per serving Lysosomal cystine: an unexpected alarm

It promotes the expression of TGFR1, thereby activating apoptotic proteins such as Caspase-3 and Caspase-8, which inhibit the proliferation of Huh-7 liver cancer cells and induce apoptosis

Mechanistically, intranasally administered agents may be absorbed through the olfactory epithelium or trigeminal nerve endings and transported to the brain via extracellular diffusion and intracellular axonal pathways, which may partially bypass BBB-related constraints (Raghav et al., 2023

However, given the results reported in previous studies (2,25,31-33) that used moderate/high doses of vitamin B12, it should be possible to demonstrate the non-inferiority of the oral treatment with this power level

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